2. Misusing Useful Tools 2.濫用有用工具 In the lastlecture, I said, what fallacies are there? Errors of reasoning. And I also saidthat in this course, we're going to study those fallacies that occur mostcommonly, those errors of reasoning that people are most liable to make. Buthow do we know which fallacies occur most commonly or which errors of reasoningpeople are most liable to make? 上節課，我說，有什麼謬誤？推理錯誤。我還說過，在這門課中，我們將研究最常見的謬誤，人們最容易犯的推理錯誤。但是，我們如何知道哪些謬誤最常見，哪些是人們最容易犯的推理錯誤？ It's not as ifanyone goes around tabulating the results of some survey, right? We don't checkevery time someone performs an act of reasoning and check what kind of errorthey made if they made an error and then add up those results to see whichkinds of errors occur most commonly. 並不是說有人會把調查結果做成表格，對吧？我們不會每次都檢查一個人的推理行為，如果他們犯了錯誤，我們會檢查他們犯了什麼樣的錯誤，然后把這...