A pair of biomarkers are being used to guide treatment and predict mortality in patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), according to James L.M. Ferrara, MD, DSc, of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York. In this episode, Dr. Ferrara explains how measuring these biomarkers – REG3-alpha and ST2 – can prevent over- and undertreatment of acute GVHD. The biomarkers have also been shown to predict nonrelapse mortality more accurately than a change in clinical symptoms. Before reviewing these findings, Dr. Ferrara tells host David H. Henry, MD, what GVHD is, how to recognize it, and how it’s typically treated. GVL and GVHD GVHD is “very tightly associated” with the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, Dr. Ferrara explained. The GVL effect refers to the ability of donor immune cells to eliminate host malignant cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). The donor T cells respond to minor histocompatibility antigens on malignant cells bu...